Monday, 3 December 2012

How Many Flavors of Linux Are There?

It’s hard to write about what you like about an open source project that that solves (or at least attempts to solve) a problem that other open source projects are also trying to solve (using different methods). It looks like you’re competing with each other, but really all that’s going on is that two groups of people share a problem and are the kind of people who enjoy solving that kind of problem and have their own specific ideas about how to do it. How many flavors of Linux are there?


I was encouraged when I read this article by Charles at doublerebel.com entitled “Class Inheritance and jQuery.” I was encouraged mostly by the tone. This is the first posted response (other than the comments) to a long post I wrote a few days ago that discussed a lot of topics, one of them being jQuery and its remarkable popularity.

When I wrote that post, I went out of my way to make the point that jQuery is different than MooTools, but not, in my view, either inferior or superior. Just different. It’s just a different group of motivated people solving a similar problem in a different way, and obviously they’re doing something right. I also expressed a sincere desire to not argue about which framework is better – we aren’t fighting each other here, we’re fighting the browsers.

Chuck’s post is great. I was waiting with some apprehension when I posted my thoughts for it to spark a rebuttal that maybe missed my point and instead followed the “framework war” path – which helps no one. But Chuck’s post is exactly the kind of discussion I want to have.

Part of that post discussed one of the things I like about MooTools – namely, it’s use of “class” based inheritance. These aren’t really classes in the formal sense; they’re still just JavaScript objects with properties. The thing that you can do with them is imbue them with properties of other objects and extend them into still more objects that inherit from them. This leads to the real point I was making about pattern based development.

Chuck writes:


jQuery gets a unfair bad rep for extensibility — the sheer popularity of jQuery means that a large number of users aren’t using jQuery to its full potential.

I develop with jQuery the same way Aaron develops with MooTools — when I see a pattern emerging, I create a plugin and extend jQuery. It’s simple to create your above example — just use jQuery.extend!(More detailed example here.)

And then he sets me straight about something I quoted from Richard Worth (jQuery contributor) presentation at the Ajax Experience:


He [Aaron] mentions to call a plugin method, the code would be:

“jQuery(domId).pluginName(”methodName”, [arg1, arg2]);
– I hope I have that right.”

It can be that way, but with a properly designed plugin it’s as easy as:
view sourceprint?
1.$(domEl).plugin.method(arg1,arg2);

This is good to know, as the former syntax, to me, is a bit clunky (again, that’s a personal preference).

But the best part of his post is this bit:


I think Resig feels much the same way I do about how class-based design can often be overly descriptive, and a waste of bytes.

Which is one of my big points in my other post: it’s about personal preference. I really, really like using classes in my work and find that, while they take more bytes to write, they save bytes in how extensible and reusable they are. But Chuck doesn’t, and that’s totally cool.

Friday, 23 November 2012

The First Freely Programmable Computer invented by Konrad Zuse

Konrad Zuse (1910-1995) was a construction engineer for the Henschel Aircraft Company in Berlin, Germany at the beginning of WWII. Konrad Zuse earned the semiofficial title of "inventor of the modern computer" for his series of automatic calculators, which he invented to help him with his lengthy engineering calculations. Zuse has modestly dismissed the title while praising many of the inventions of his contemporaries and successors as being equally if not more important than his own.

One of the most difficult aspects of doing a large calculation with either a slide rule or a mechanical adding machine is keeping track of all intermediate results and using them, in their proper place, in later steps of the calculation. Konrad Zuse wanted to overcome that difficulty. He realized that an automatic-calculator device would require three basic elements: a control, a memory, and a calculator for the arithmetic.

In 1936, Zuse made a mechanical calculator called the Z1, the first binary computer. Zuse used it to explore several groundbreaking technologies in calculator development: floating-point arithmetic, high-capacity memory and modules or relays operating on the yes/no principle. Zuse's ideas, not fully implemented in the Z1, succeeded more with each Z prototype.

In 1939, Zuse completed the Z2, the first fully functioning electro-mechanical computer.

Konrad Zuse completed the Z3 in 1941, with recycled materials donated by fellow university staff and students. This was the world's first electronic, fully programmable digital computer based on a binary floating-point number and switching system. Zuse used old movie film to store his programs and data for the Z3, instead of using paper tape or punched cards. Paper was in short supply in Germany during the war.

According to "The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse" (by Horst Zuse)
In 1941, the Z3 contained almost all of the features of a modern computer as defined by John von Neumann and his colleagues in 1946. The only exception was the ability to store the program in the memory together with the data. Konrad Zuse did not implement this feature in the Z3, because his 64-word memory was too small to support this mode of operation. Due to the fact that he wanted to calculate thousands of instructions in a meaningful order, he only used the memory to store values or numbers.

The block structure of the Z3 is very similar to a modern computer. The Z3 consisted of separate units, such as a punch tape reader, control unit, floating-point arithmetic unit, and input/output devices.Konrad Zuse wrote the first algorithmic programming language called 'Plankalkül' in 1946, which he used to program his computers. He wrote the world's first chess-playing program using Plankalkül.

The Plankalkül language included arrays and records and used a style of assignment (storing the value of an expression in a variable) in which the new value appears in the right column. An array is a collection of identically typed data items distinguished by their indices (or "subscripts"), for example written something like A[i,j,k], where A is the array name and i, j and k are the indices. Arrays are best when accessed in an unpredictable order. This is in contrast to lists, which are best when accessed sequentially.


Zuse was unable to convince the Nazi government to support his work for a computer based on electronic valves. The Germans thought they were close to winning the War and felt no need to support further research.

The Z1 through Z3 models were destroyed during the war along with Zuse Apparatebau, the first computer company that Zuse formed in 1940. Zuse left for Zurich to finish his work on the Z4, smuggling the Z4 from Germany in a military truck, which he hid in stables on route to Zurich, Switzerland. He completed and installed the Z4 in the Applied Mathematics Division of Zurich's Federal Polytechnical Institute, in use there until 1955.The Z4 had a mechanical memory with a capacity of 1,024 words and several card readers. Zuse no longer had to use movie film to store programs; he could now use punched cards. The Z4 had punches and various facilities to enable flexible programming including address translation and conditional branching. In 1949, he moved back to Germany to form a second company called Zuse KG for the construction and marketing of his designs. Zuse later rebuilt models of the Z3 in 1960 and the Z1 in 1984.

Thursday, 15 November 2012

Google named 2nd best company to work for in the world

Google is the second best company to work for across the world, at least in the opinion of CNNMoney.

Ranking the top 25 global workplaces, CNNMoney praisedGoogle for its coaching services. The company offers a "CareerGuru" program in which 43 of its senior leaders provide career coaching to employees. These gurus are available in 14 offices around the world.

Google engineers can also discuss issues and concerns with senior engineers known as "EngAdvisors." More than 900 engineers have taken advantage of this program since it launched in 2009, CNNMoney said.

Currently, Google gets 61 times as many job applications as it has existing jobs. Last year, the company ranked No. 4 on the list.

But software company SAS took the top spot among the 25 candidates, up from second place last year. Located in North Carolina, SAS provides business analytics software and services to its corporate and government customers.

The company rose to first place in part because of the accessibility of its leaders, CNNMoney said. All employees are invited to attend "Conversations Over Coffee," monthly breakfast meetings hosted by CEO Jim Goodnight in which any topic is up for discussion. SAS's working conditions have led to a low voluntary turnover rate of only 2.6 percent.


Other tech players on the list included Autodesk, Intel, and Cisco.Microsoft took fifth place, cited by CNNMoney for its efforts to help women interested in working in technology. The company hosts aDigiGirlz Day event in which female high-school students can discuss the technology field with Microsoft employees.

Tuesday, 6 November 2012

Android turns 5 today, hits 75 percent of the smartphone market

Given Android's ubiquity today, it's almost hard to believe that it has only been around a few years.
Sure enough, though, it was exactly five years ago Monday that the newly formed Open Handset Alliance announced the Linux-basedmobile platform, and it's been nothing short of a wild ride ever since.

"This partnership will help unleash the potential of mobile technology for billions of users around the world," said Google Chairman and CEO Eric Schmidt at the time. "Our vision is that the powerful platform we're unveiling will power thousands of different phone models."

136 million devices in Q3

Indeed, fast forward to today, and Android continues to blow away expectations.

To wit: Android was found on three out of every four smartphones shipped during the third quarter of this year, according to market research firm IDC's Worldwide Quarterly Mobile Phone Tracker. (PCWorld/TechHive and IDC are both owned by International Data Group.)
IDCAndroid accounted for three-quarters of the smartphones shipped worldwide in the third quarter, IDC says (Click image to enlarge.)

Specifically, of the 181.1 million smartphones shipped worldwide in the third quarter of 2012, 136 million units, or 75 percent, were Android devices, IDC reported on Thursday.

'One of the primary growth engines'

Whereas the overall market's year-over-year growth rate is 46.4 percent, Android's is nearly double that, at a full 91.5 percent, IDC said.

"Android has been one of the primary growth engines of the smartphone market since it was launched in 2008," said Ramon Llamas, research manager for mobile phones at IDC, referring to the debut of the first Android phone that year.

"In every year since then, Android has effectively outpaced the market and taken market share from the competition,” Llamas added. “In addition, the combination of smartphone vendors, mobile operators, and end-users who have embraced Android has driven shipment volumes higher."

A distant second

While Apple's iOS was the only other mobile operating system to amass double-digit market share for the quarter, it still held a distant second place, IDC said, as shown in the chart above. Microsoft's Windows Phone, meanwhile, marked its second anniversary with a total of just 3.6 million units shipped worldwide.

Android 4.2 “Jelly Bean,” which was announced late last month, recently debuted on the new Nexus 4 phone as well as the Nexus 7 and Nexus 10 tablets.

Thursday, 1 November 2012

Software quality testing- Most essential part of error free software

Software testing is one of the essential parts of software development and also for web development. A software development life cycle (SDLC) is incomplete without the testing phase. Lots of software projects fail due to various errors on it. So for maintain the quality of a software, the software quality testing is highly required.


The software we are using in our day to day life is tested by professional experts before it launches in the market. Software quality testing is of two types. The testing process can be done by manually or through automated testing software. Through the manual testing, the experts will check the module by performing the entries and by checking the output along with the report. The bug identification process consists manual entry with various permutations and Combinations; in case of error generated they try to find out the source of error while in case of no error the software is delivered to the client.


However in automated testing system a standard algorithm is defined within a set of rules and criteria. We are putting the software into that algorithm and in case of error found that automated system specified the particular error and the software will be handed over to the programmer for bug removal processes. We can conclude that the testing process is the root of software Development life cycle. So you can shape your career by joining various software testing programs provided by DUCAT.

Tuesday, 30 October 2012

Nexus: The best of Google, now in three sizes


People increasingly have more than one device, and they switch between them many times a day. Nexus—Google’s hardware line for Android devices—gets rid of the hassle. Just sign in with your Google Account and everything is there ready to go, whatever device you’re using: photos, emails, contacts, bookmarks, even your entertainment on Google Play.

Today, we’re excited to announce three great new Nexus devices … in small, medium and large. And they all run Android 4.2, a new flavor of Jelly Bean—which includes the latest version of Google Now and other great new features.


Nexus 4 with Google Now and Photo Sphere

Nexus 4 is our latest smartphone, developed together with LG. It has a quad-core processor which means it's super fast, a crisp 4.7" (320 ppi) display that's perfect for looking at photos and watching YouTube, and with wireless charging you just set the phone down on a charging surface to power it up, no wires needed. While Nexus 4 is incredibly powerful under the hood, it also features the latest version of Jelly Bean, Android 4.2—the simplest and smartest version of Android yet. Starting with the camera, we've reinvented the photo experience with Photo Sphere, which lets you capture images that are literally larger than life. Snap shots up, down and in every direction to create stunning 360-degree immersive experiences that you can share on Google+ with friends and family—or you can add your Photo Sphere to Google Maps for the world to see.

Android 4.2 brings other great goodies like Gesture Typing, which lets you glide your finger over the letters you want to type on the keyboard—it makes typing fast, fun and a whole lot simpler. Android 4.2 also adds support for wireless display so you can wirelessly watch movies, YouTube videos and play games right on your Miracast-compatible HDTV.



Google Now—even more useful
We designed Google Now to make life simpler by giving you the right information at just the right time in easy to read cards, before you even ask. And the feedback has been awesome. So today we’re adding more cards that we hope you’ll find useful. Flight information, restaurant reservations, hotel confirmations and shipping details—how often have you found yourself wading through your email to get this information at the last moment? So next time you book a table for dinner, you’ll get a reminder with all the details without ever having to lift a finger. You’ll also get cards for nearby attractions, interesting photo spots, movies times at nearby theaters or concerts by your favorite artists.

Nexus 7: Thin, light and now even more portable
Nexus 7 brings you the best of Google–YouTube, Chrome, Gmail, Maps–and all the great content from Google Play in a slim, portable package that fits perfectly in your hand. To give you more room for all that great content you can now get Nexus 7 with 16GB ($199) or 32GB ($249) of storage. But we also wanted to make this highly portable tablet even more mobile. So we added HSPA+ mobile data. Nexus 7 is now also available with 32GB and HSPA+ mobile ($299), which can operate on more than 200 GSM providers worldwide, including AT&T and T-Mobile in the US.

Nexus 10: Powerful and shareable
Nexus 10 is the ultimate tablet for watching movies or reading magazines. We wanted to build a premium entertainment device, so we partnered with Samsung to do just that. Nexus 10 is the highest resolution tablet on the planet with a 10.055" display at 2560-by-1600 (300ppi), that's over 4 million pixels right in your hands. It comes with a powerful battery that will get you up to nine hours of video playback and more than 500 hours of standby time. With a set of front-facing stereo speakers, you can watch movies right from your Nexus 10 and they simply sound awesome. But what makes Nexus 10 unique is that it's the first truly shareable tablet. With Android 4.2, you can add multiple users and switch between them instantly right from the lockscreen. We believe that everyone should have quick and easy access to their own stuff -- email, apps, bookmarks, and more. That way, everyone can have their own home screens, their own music, and even their own high scores.

Google Play: More entertainment, more countries
We’ve recently added a ton of great new entertainment to Google Play, such as movies and TV shows from Twentieth Century Fox. Earlier this year we expanded our service beyond movie rentals and now you can purchase movies and build a library of your favorites in Google Play. Today we’re bringing movie purchasing to more countries - Canada, the U.K., France, Spain and Australia.
We’re also excited to announce two new partnerships. We’re now working with Time, Inc. to bring you even more magazines like InStyle, PEOPLE, TIME and others. And we’ve partnered with Warner Music Group who will be adding their full music catalog with new songs coming each day. We’re now working with all of the major record labels globally, and all the major U.S. magazine publishers, as well as many independent labels, artists and publishers.

On November 13, we're bringing music on Google Play to Europe. Those of you in the U.K, France, Germany, Italy and Spain will be able to purchase music from the Google Play store and add up to 20,000 songs—for free—from your existing collection to the cloud for streaming to your Android devices or web browser. We’re also launching our new matching feature to streamline the process of uploading your personal music to Google Play. We’ll scan your music collection and any song we match against the Google Play catalog will be automatically added to your online library without needing to upload it, saving you time. This will be available in Europe at launch on November 13 and is coming to the U.S. soon after. This will all be for free—free storage of your music, free matching, free syncing across your devices and free listening.

Great value
We’ve always focused on building great devices at great value. And we think today’s devices offer the very best that money can buy. Here are more details on when and where you can pick up your next Nexus device:

Nexus 4: 8GB for $299; 16GB for $349; available unlocked and without a contract on 11/13 on the Google Play store in U.S., U.K., Australia, France, Germany, Spain and Canada. The 16GB version will also be available through T-Mobile for $199, with a 2-year contract
Nexus 7: 16GB for $199 and 32GB for $249; available in U.S., U.K., Australia, France, Germany, Spain, Canada and Japan, and also through our retail partners Gamestop, Office Depot, Office Max, Staples and Walmart.
Nexus 7 with 32GB and mobile data: $299 and unlocked, on sale 11/13 in the Google Play store in the U.S., U.K., Australia, France, Germany, Spain and Canada.
Nexus 10: 16GB for $399; 32GB for $499; available on 11/13 in the Google Play Store in the U.S., U.K., Australia, France, Germany, Spain, Canada and Japan. You'll also be able to purchase the 32GB version in over 2,000 Walmart stores in the U.S.A Nexus device is much more than simply a phone or tablet. It’s your connection to the best of Google—all of your stuff and entertainment, everywhere you go with no hassle. Now you have three new Nexus devices, a new improved version of Jelly Bean and more entertainment than ever before—all available on Google Play. The playground is open.

Monday, 29 October 2012

Cloud Computing- Single Solution With Multiple Utility

In the present scenario cloud computing is a fairy new term in the era of information technology. Cloud computing is one method to provide a platform for accessing files and run various applications, anywhere across the globe where you have an internet connection. Through this method you can easily access your computing resources via internet hence you need not to go onsite for any kind of structural modifications. Nowadays, cloud computing is in huge demand to access many vital computing resources.

One of the best example of cloud computing is Google applications because you can easily open it through a web browser and easily access its word processor, spreadsheet applications and presentation applications. Through it, you can easily create new documents and modify an existing document. All the modifications you perform will automatically save in Google’s file server.

By accessing the application and database of a company through cloud is one of the major advantages of cloud computing concept. Through this tool, you can maintain your organizations’ detail by mobile phone, laptop and desktop from anywhere regardless the location. Cloud computing is of two types i.e. public and private. Public clouds sell services via internet to anyone whereas private clouds are hosted services which are available for limited number of users with restriction.

The capabilities of cloud computing can be encashed by you in order to avail the high degree of benefits such as to avoid multiple license system, installations etc. The concept of cloud computing will help you to reduce the cost and increase business sales.